Sender for hertzian waves utilizing polyphase generators.



v. auucmnow. SENDER FOR HERTZIAN WAVES UTILIZING POLVPHASE GENERATORS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 27. I914.

Patented Apr. 29,1919.

W 3% M m o 2/ v. BOUCHARDON. 'SENDER FOR HERTZIAN WAVES UTILIZING P OLVPI-IASE GENERATORS.

APPLICATION FILED .IULY QB 1914. IL ,EQQJLQQ Patented Apr. 29, 19191.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 229, 1191193 Application am my 27, 1914. serial in. 853,370.

4 the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a sending device for producing damped Hertzian waves, in

. which the waves are produced by the oscillating discharge of a battery of condensers traversing a self-induction which forms the primary of a transformer of oscillations, whose secondary is in series in the antenna. The battery is charged by a polyphase generator ,of low periodicity, either directly or through the, intermediary of step-up transformer. With this object in view the battery is composed of a number, equal to the number of the hases, of condensers of equal capacities which are connected in series so as to constitute a closed polygon whose apexes are connected with the terminals of the generator. During one period the tension is successively a maximum at the terminals of each of the capacities of the polygon.

This connection has already been pro posed for difi'erent devices which present the general characteristic of having as many circuits of discharge as there are phases, the secondaries of the difl'erent transformers of oscillations being connected in series with the antenna. These devices increased the number of piecesof apparatus and complicated the plant; besides; the current of the antenna had to traverse continuously two inactive secondaries. I i 1 This invention is characterized by the use of a single high frequency transformer whose secondary circuit is inserted in the antenna and whose primary circuit is connected with the capacity to be discharged by a special rotary spark gap. I

This spark gap is constructed in such a manner that each condenser of the olygon has as many discharges per secon as the alternator has alternations. The total number of discharges per second is therefore equal to twice the product of the number of cycles by the number of phases. v

For example :a three-phase alternator two wires which of 50 periods will give300f discharges. Between two discharges the charge takes place alwaysin t e same part of the curve of electromotive force of the generator. lit, turther, the frequency of the charging cur: rent 1s regulated so that the tension atthe terminals of the condenser be a maximum at themoment of the discharge a stableload is obtained giving a succession of regularly spaced discharges which all use the same electrostatic force.

This invention thereforepermits of 0btaining a musical emission with alternators of rat er low periodicity. which are easily found in the market and which have a greater eficiency than the single-phase generator of singing frequency (up to 2,000 periods) used at present.

- In the accompanying drawing a form of ternator. Figs. 9, 10 and'll and Figs. 12, 13

and 14 show a second form of construction of the rotary spark gap for 4 and 6 polethree-phase alternators respectively.

The Figs. 15', 16 show the same two solutions in the general case of a three-phase alternator with 2 p. poles.

In Fig. 1' A is a three-phase alternator; from the terminals of its three phases wires start, which, through regulating and protecting self inductances Sand through three transforiners'T, end at the aperte's C C C of a circuit in triangle, in the sides of which three condensers C C; C are inserted. The threewires continue from the apexes C C C and are connected with the three points 1, 2, 3 of a fixed circle; from two points 4 and 5 of the same fixed circle start 0 to a transformer of oscillations 6, whic may be of the Oudin type for example; that is to say, one consisting of a single winding, one of the two connecting wires from the closed circle terminating at a fixed point 8 at the end of the winding or self inductance and the other having a movable contact 9 at a variable point of the self inductance. The two ends of the self inductance 6 are connected with the antenna 7 and with the earth 10. The spark gap consists of a rotating part B keyed on the shaft of the alternator and turning in the fixed circle to which the different wires are connected and it carries tips and convenient connections as will be hereinafter explained, so that at the required moment the two points 1 and 2 are connected with the points 4 and 5, the condensers C, C situated between C, and C being short circuited through the transformer 6 whereby an oscillating discharge is produced and a wavetrain is emitted by the antenna 7. The three curves C C C C C C of Fig. 2 represent for each moment the electromotive forces used for char ing the condensers C, C, C, the axis O being the axis of time. In the first form of construction of the special rotating spark gap shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 the points 1, 2 and 3 of the fixed circle with which the three phases are connected are situated at 120 from each other. The tips 4 and 5 with which the ends of the transformer 6 are connected are situated at 30 at both sides of'the point l, for example, and are connected with the -tips 4, 5 respectively which are situated at 30 from the tips 4 and 5. The rotating part R consists of a disk which has four groups, each having two tips 7",, 1' 1' 1' 1' 1" 1' 1' The two tips of each group are situated at 30 from each other and are connected together, the opposite groups being also connected with each other, for exam le, 13-4 with 73-43, etc. If at the time circle passes before tip 1 of the fixed circle and if at this moment the tension at the terminals of C is a maximum, the two apexes C C are connected with one another through the transformer 6 by the following circuit:

the condenser C sending an oscillating discharge through the transformer 6.

In the position shown in Fig. 4 the rotating part It has turned through 30and the tip 7', is'in front. of the tip 5. Fig. 2 shows that at this moment the tension at the terminals of C is maxima. In fact, as the generator has four poles there will be four alternations at every revolution, the distance be-v tween two apexes of successive phases 0-121 (Fig. 2) will be-i 'of a revolution, that is to' sa corresponding with a rotation of 30.

the tip 7", of the movable 2 I ng alternately In the position Fig. 4 the points 2 are connected by the circuit The condenser C which is at the maximum tension will therefore produce an oscillating discharge corresponding with a new wave-train.

By a new rotation of 30 the rotating part B of the spark gap will arrive at the position shown in Fig. 5 so that the tip r, will stand opposite the point 5 connecting the tips 1 and 3 that is to say producing the discharge of the condenser C which at this moment is at its maximum tension and so forth. There will be produced twelve sparks at every revolution of the spark gap, that is to say of the generator.

In the form of construction shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8 and relating to a three-phase generator with six poles, the movable part B- comprises twelve tips connected in pairs and arranged in two groups as shown in the drawing. In Fig. 4 the discharge is produced between 1 and 2 in passing through the circuit In Fig. 7 the discharge is produced between 2 and 3 by the circuit and 3 In Fig. 4 it is produced between 3 and L o 1 =L sr The movable part It will comprise 4 p. t1ps the distance between successive tips beand of 23120 The v 120 t1ps at a distance apart of will be ar- 1, 2, 3 placed on the fixed circle at 120 from each other; the tips 4 and 5 are connected as Leoaaao I above with the oscillator 6; the tips 4: and

. ferent tips are the following -1 2 =2 3 =3 1 2 4 =2 5 3 4"=3 5=1'4=1 5 =45" 5 4 =5 4=54=30 The rotating part B comprises four groups of 5 tips which are connected with one another in the same group: the groups are mounted on the turning part R from 90 to 90. The tips of the same group are at a distance of 15 Fig. 9 shows the position of spark gap at the moment when the tension is a maximum between the points 1 and 2; the discharge follows the path:

1 5"-4+5 4-5-e-4 2 The spark from the discharge is divided into 8 sparks in series. Fig. 10 shows the position of the spark gap after it has turned through revolution; at this moment the tension is maxima between the tips 2 and 3 and the spark follows the'path poles, the movable part comprising six groups of five tips at a distance apart of 10, the groups being at a distance apart of The Figs. 12, 13 and 14 correspond respectively to the positions which the spark gap occupies when the tension is a maximum between the tips 1-2, 23 and 3-1 respectively.

The Fig. 16 illustrates the arrangement of this spark gap in the genpral case of a three-phase generator with 2 p. poles.

The movable part B comprises 2 p. groups of'5 tips. In the samegroup the tips are at a distance apart of i and the groups are 0 at a distance apart of 120 -they are insulated from one another. The fixed part comprises eleven tips arranged along a circle and at the following .angular distances apart The tips 1 and 5 (which do not exist in the case of a generator with 4 poles) close the circuit and stand at a distance apart of It will be easily understood that the operatlon of this spark gap is exactly similar to the generalized cases of 4 and 5 poles the only condition which must be always fulfilled is that the spark gap revolve at the same speed as the generator; it could be mounted at the end of the generator shaft. The spark gap could even be moved by a synchronous motor owing to the comparatively low frequency of the generator.

I claim 1. In apparatus for the production of damped Hertzian waves the combination of an 'rv-phasealternating current generator, a battery of n-condensers of equal capacity connected in mesh, conductors connecting the n terminals of the generator with the n corners of the mesh connected condensers and conductors connecting the n corners of the mesh connected condensers to n points of a spark producing device, connectors connectmg two points of said spark producing device with the primary of an oscillation transformer, and means forming a part of the sparkproducing device for successively effecting discharge through the primary of the transformer of the condensers atthe moment at which their terminals have the maximum potential difi'erence.

2. In apparatus for the production of damped Hertzian waves the combination of an n-phase alternator, n mesh connected condensers of equal capacity and connected to said alternator, and a transformer, a rotary spark-gap device comprising n fixed.

discharge polnts to which the corners of the condenser connections are connected, two additional fixed discharge points connected to the terminals of the primary of the transformer, and a member rotating synchronously with the altemator and provided with interconnected discharge points so arranged as to successively discharge the individual condensers through the rimary of the transformer at the moment of maximum potential diflerence between the condensers.

' In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

' vroron BOUOHARDON.

Witnesses: I

ELY E. PAmmn, ALBERT on CARSALADE. 

